The Syrian government has stepped up
indiscriminate, heavy bombardments of cities while rebels are executing
prisoners condemned in their own makeshift courts without due process, U.N. investigators
said on Monday.
The independent investigators said they were looking into 20
massacres committed by one or the other side and hundreds of "unlawful
killings", cases of torture and arbitrary arrests since September in the
two-year-old conflict. when you
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"Indiscriminate and widespread shelling, the regular
bombardment of cities, mass killing and the deliberate firing on civilian
targets have come to characterize the daily lives of civilians in Syria,"Paulo
Pinheiro, chairman of the commission of inquiry on Syria, told the U.N.
Human Rights Council.
The uprising in Syria erupted in March 2011 with largely
peaceful protests but escalated into a civil war pitting mainly Sunni Muslim
rebels against President Bashar al-Assad, whose minority Alawite faith is
an offshoot of Shi'ite Islam.
"In a disturbing and dangerous trend, mass killings
allegedly perpetrated by Popular Committees have at times taken on sectarian
overtones," the 10-page U.N. report said. "Some appear to have been
trained and armed by the government."
Pro-Assad Popular Committee militiamen have been documented as
operating across Syria, "where at times they are alleged to be
participating in house-to-house searches, identity checks, mass arrests,
looting and acting as informants", it said.
Karen Koning AbuZayd, an American commissioner, said the
committees were formed initially to defend their neighborhoods. "In a way,
this is a move by the government to supplement its own manpower as it begins to
lose some of the (regular military) manpower that it used to have," she
told a news conference.
Syrian Ambassador Faysal Khabbaz Hamoui dismissed the report as
based on "partial information from untrustworthy sources" and accused
Qatar and Turkey of "supporting terrorism" in Syria.
"There is a conspiracy against Syria. Qatar has financed
and armed tens of thousands of mercenaries from 30 countries. Turkey has
provided the military bases and sent them into Syria on their jihad," he
told the Geneva forum.
"We are not saying that it is a sectarian war but we call
attention to sectarian elements in the present conflict," Pinheiro said.
Foreign fighters from more than a dozen countries are estimated to comprise
less than 10 percent of the opposition forces fighting the Assad government, he
said.
"We don't want to contribute to a paranoia that Syria is
being invaded by foreign fighters. But they have a lot of skills and have been
very successful in spreading acts of terror inside Syria," said Pinheiro.
More than 1 million Syrian refugees have fled abroad and 2.5
million are uprooted within the country, while more than 70,000 people have
been killed in the war, the United Nations says.
The war is mired in a "destructive stalemate, amid heavy
shelling and air raids by government forces, the report said.
Both sides have committed violations against civilians, the U.N.
investigators said. They are investigating about 20 cases of massacre,
including three in Homs at the start of the year, despite their lack of access
to the country.
They said rebel forces often execute captured Syrian soldiers
and militiamen and have established detention centers in Homs and Aleppo.
Rebels had also taken up positions in or near densely-populated areas, in
violation of international law.
"There is an intensification of violations because the war
is worsening. You have to look at the totality of the panorama - the murders,
the arbitrary arrests and all of it," said Vitit Muntarbhorn, a commission
member from Thailand.
"Some groups are exercising or trying to exercise civilian
authority without due process of law. So we have allegations for example of
sentences being imposed on various people, arrested and captured soldiers and
so on, without due process and then being executed, as well as some
families," Muntarbhorn said, noting that these were war crimes under the
Geneva Convention.
The European Union and United States denounced continuing crimes
and said that those responsible must be held accountable.
The U.N. investigators said that they would give a secret third
list of suspects in a sealed envelope to High Commissioner for Human Rights
Navi Pillay with a view to future prosecutions. you
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Carla del Ponte, a former U.N. war crimes prosecutor who tried
ex-Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic, is on the panel. Speaking in Italian
to reporters, she said: "Sooner or later the International Criminal Court
must be seized of the matter.
"I don't think that high-ranking political and military
officials can be judged in their own country. We have seen, we have experience,
we know that with a president of a nation, it is difficult for countries to put
him on trial."
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